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Not all programming languages are machine-independent. Machine independence refers to the ability of a programming language to be executed on different types of computers or machines without requiring significant modifications or recompilation. Machine-dependent  programming languages: These languages are  compiled for a specific processor architecture. Examples include  C, C++, Assembly language Machine- independent  programming languages: These languages   can run on multiple platforms with minimal modifications.  Examples include  Java, Python, and JavaScript.  How machine-independence is achieved? Machine-independent languages achieve m achine-independence  through various techniques: - Interpreters: Execute code directly without compilation (e.g., Python, JavaScript) - Virtual machines: Compile code to an intermediate format that can be executed on any machine supporting the virtual machine (e.g., Java) - Bytecode: Compile code to an intermediate format that can be executed on

Bytecode is a high-level, platform-independent, machine-readable code that is compiled from source code and executed by an interpreter or virtual machine (VM). It's a intermediate representation of code that's not yet machine-specific. Key aspects of bytecode: - Platform-independent: Bytecode can run on any platform that has a compatible VM or interpreter, without needing to be recompiled. - High-level: Bytecode is often higher-level than machine code, retaining more of the original source code's semantics. - Interpreter or VM: Bytecode is executed by an interpreter or VM, which translates it into machine code. Examples of bytecode: - Java bytecode (.class files): Compiled from Java source code, executed by the Java Virtual Machine (JVM). - .NET bytecode (CIL - Common Intermediate Language): Compiled from C#, F#, etc., executed by the .NET Common Language Runtime (CLR). - Python bytecode (.pyc files): Compiled from Python source code, executed by the Python interprete

51. Which of the following is the correct structure of a URL? A. Protocol://DomainName.Path?QueryString#Fragment B. DomainName.Protocol//Path?QueryString#Fragment C. Protocol://Path?DomainName#QueryString D. QueryString#Fragment.Protocol://DomainName/Path  52. What does URL stand for? A. Universal Resource Locator B. Uniform Resource Locator C. Unified Resource Link D. Universal Reference Link E. Unique Resource Locator 53. In computer networking, localhost refers to a special hostname that resolves to the current machine you're using. By definition, it resolves to which IP address? A. 127.0.0.0 B. 127.0.0.1 C. 192.168.0.1 D. 10.0.0.1 E. 255.255.255.0 54. Which of the following is an absolute CSS unit of measurement? A. em B. % C. px D. rem 55. The default position for HTML elements is; a. static b. relative c. absolute d. fixed e. sticky 56. The control unit of the CPU is responsible for: A) Executing arithmetic operations B) Managing data flow between the CPU and memory C) Storin

The 12 Fundamental Principles of Animation were introduced by Disney animators Ollie Johnston and Frank Thomas in their 1981 book "The Illusion of Life: Disney Animation." These principles serve as essential guidelines for animators to create realistic and engaging animations, whether for characters, motion graphics, or any other animated content. Here's a detailed note on each principle: 1. Squash and Stretch - Definition : Squash and stretch involve distorting an object’s shape to emphasize motion and weight. It makes animated objects or characters appear more dynamic and flexible. - Purpose : It gives the illusion of flexibility and life. When used properly, it helps depict the physical properties of objects—whether they’re soft or rigid. For example, a bouncing ball squashes when it hits the ground and stretches as it leaves. - Application : It’s mostly used for creating exaggerated movements but can also be subtle for more realistic animations. For characters, it con

The Module Pattern is a design pattern in JavaScript that encapsulates private variables and methods using closures, while exposing only specific public methods, promoting code organization and privacy. This pattern uses "Immediately Invoked Function Expressions (IIFEs)" to create private and public variables or methods, encapsulating functionality.  Simply, it is a factory function wrapped within an IIFE Core idea: - The IIFE creates a local scope, shielding internal variables and functions from the global scope (privacy). - The pattern returns an object with public methods (the module's interface), allowing controlled access to the internal logic. Example: const myModule = (function() { let privateVar = "I'm private"; function privateMethod() { console.log(privateVar); } return { publicMethod: function() { privateMethod(); } }; })(); myModule.publicMethod(); // Accesses private data v

Both :root and html are selectors used in CSS to target the root element of your document, which in HTML is the <html> tag. Here's a breakdown of their similarities and differences: Similarities: In the context of HTML, both :root and html target the same element, the <html> tag. They can be used to set global styles that apply to the entire document. Differences: Specificity: :root has a higher specificity than html. This means if you use both selectors with conflicting styles, the style defined with :root will take precedence. This can be useful for overriding default styles or styles set with html. Document type: :root is a pseudo-class selector, meaning it works across different document types like SVG. html is an element selector and only works for HTML documents. So, if you're styling something other than HTML, :root is the way to go. Variable declaration: :root is commonly used to declare CSS custom properties (variables) that can be reused throughout your